CLOAK: A Framework For Development of Confidential Blockchain Smart Contracts

TL;DR

CLOAK is a framework that simplifies the development of confidential blockchain smart contracts by providing a domain-specific language and automatic code generation, enabling practical multi-party transaction solutions with enhanced privacy.

Contribution

This paper introduces CLOAK, a novel framework that offers an easy-to-use interface and automatic generation of confidential smart contracts for multi-party transactions on blockchain.

Findings

Developers can deploy blockchain services with smart contracts less than 30% of traditional size.

CLOAK effectively supports multi-party transaction privacy specifications.

Evaluation shows CLOAK simplifies development and enhances confidentiality in practical applications.

Abstract

In recent years, as blockchain adoption has been expanding across a wide range of domains, e.g., digital asset, supply chain finance, etc., the confidentiality of smart contracts is now a fundamental demand for practical applications. However, while new privacy protection techniques keep coming out, how existing ones can best fit development settings is little studied. Suffering from limited architectural support in terms of programming interfaces, state-of-the-art solutions can hardly reach general developers. In this paper, we proposed the CLOAK framework for developing confidential smart contracts. The key capability of CLOAK is allowing developers to implement and deploy practical solutions to multi-party transaction (MPT) problems, i.e., transact with secret inputs and states owned by different parties by simply specifying it. To this end, CLOAK introduced a domain-specific annotation language for declaring privacy specifications and further automatically generating confidential smart contracts to be deployed with trusted execution environment (TEE) on blockchain. In our evaluation on both simple and real-world applications, developers managed to deploy business services on blockchain in a concise manner by only developing CLOAK smart contracts whose size is less than 30% of the deployed ones.