Halo Merger Tree Comparison: Impact on Galaxy Formation Models

TL;DR

This study investigates how different halo finders and merger tree algorithms influence galaxy property predictions in the GALFORM semi-analytical model, finding overall stability but some variations in galaxy counts and properties.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive comparison of multiple halo finders and merger tree algorithms, assessing their impact on galaxy formation predictions within a high-resolution simulation.

Findings

Galaxy stellar mass function is insensitive to halo finder choice.

Number of galaxies without resolved subhaloes varies significantly with tree builder.

Differences in galaxy properties are small when trees are processed to ensure monotonic main progenitor mass.

Abstract

We examine the effect of using different halo finders and merger tree building algorithms on galaxy properties predicted using the GALFORM semi-analytical model run on a high resolution, large volume dark matter simulation. The halo finders/tree builders HBT, ROCKSTAR, SUBFIND and VELOCIRAPTOR differ in their definitions of halo mass, on whether only spatial or phase-space information is used, and in how they distinguish satellite and main haloes; all of these features have some impact on the model galaxies, even after the trees are post-processed and homogenised by GALFORM. The stellar mass function is insensitive to the halo and merger tree finder adopted. However, we find that the number of central and satellite galaxies in GALFORM does depend slightly on the halo finder/tree builder. The number of galaxies without resolved subhaloes depends strongly on the tree builder, with VELOCIRAPTOR, a phase-space finder, showing the largest population of such galaxies. The distributions of stellar masses, cold and hot gas masses, and star formation rates agree well between different halo finders/tree builders. However, because VELOCIRAPTOR has more early progenitor haloes, with these trees GALFORM produces slightly higher star formation rate densities at high redshift, smaller galaxy sizes, and larger stellar masses for the spheroid component. Since in all cases these differences are small we conclude that, when all of the trees are processed so that the main progenitor mass increases monotonically, the predicted GALFORM galaxy populations are stable and consistent for these four halo finders/tree builders.