Coupled Micro-Doppler Signatures of Closely Located Targets

TL;DR

This paper explores how coupling between closely located targets influences micro-Doppler signatures, revealing new frequency components that can help remotely classify objects and understand their internal geometry.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical and experimental model of coupled micro-Doppler signatures using reconfigurable resonators, highlighting the effects of near-field coupling on the signatures.

Findings

Coupled micro-Doppler combs contain new frequency components due to near-field interactions.

Reconfigurable targets can mimic internal degrees of freedom like rotation.

Coupling effects can be used for remote classification and internal geometry inference.

Abstract

The classical Doppler shift originates from the movement of a target's center of mass, but it does not hold information about the internal dynamics of the scattering object. In contrast, micro-Doppler signatures contain data about the micro-motions that arise from internal degrees of freedom within the target (such as rotation and vibration), which can be remotely detected by careful analysis of the scattered field. Here we investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, how coupling between a pair of closely situated targets affects the resulting micro-Doppler signatures. The presented model considers a pair of near-field coupled resonators with dynamically reconfigurable scattering properties. Voltage controlled varactor diodes enable modulating the scattering cross-section of each target independently, mimicking rotational degrees of freedom. As a result, coupled micro-Doppler combs are observed, containing new frequency components that arise from the near field coupling, making it possible to extract information about the internal geometry of the system from far-field measurements. From a practical point of view, micro-Doppler spectroscopy allows remote classification of distant objects, while deep understanding of the coupling effects on such signatures in the low frequency regime can provide valuable insight for radar and sonar systems, as well as optical and stellar radio-interferometry, among many others.