Blockchain Oracle Design Patterns
Amirmohammad Pasdar, Zhongli Dong, Young Choon Lee

TL;DR
This paper analyzes blockchain oracle design patterns, classifying them into voting-based and reputation-based strategies, to improve smart contract access to external data for enhanced blockchain functionality.
Contribution
It provides a structured classification and detailed pattern descriptions of blockchain oracles, highlighting research directions and novel insights into their mechanisms.
Findings
Classified blockchain oracles into voting-based and reputation-based groups.
Detailed description of oracle design patterns within each classification.
Discussed future research directions in blockchain oracle development.
Abstract
Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology (DLT) where data is shared among users connected over the internet. Transactions are data state changes on the blockchain that are permanently recorded in a secure and transparent way without the need of a third party. Besides, the introduction of smart contracts to the blockchain has added programmability to the blockchain and revolutionized the software ecosystem leading toward decentralized applications (DApps) attracting businesses and organizations to employ this technology. Although promising, blockchains and smart contracts have no access to the external systems (i.e., off-chain) where real-world data and events resides; consequently, the usability of smart contracts in terms of performance and programmability would be limited to the on-chain data. Hence, \emph{blockchain oracles} are introduced to mitigate the issue and are…
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Taxonomy
TopicsBlockchain Technology Applications and Security · Cloud Data Security Solutions · Distributed systems and fault tolerance
