A strengthening model of particle-matrix interaction based on an axisymmetric strain gradient plasticity analysis

TL;DR

This paper develops a continuum-based strain gradient plasticity model to analyze how fine particles strengthen metals, deriving a relation for yield stress increase that aligns well with experimental data.

Contribution

It introduces a new closed-form relation for particle-matrix strengthening based on an axi-symmetric strain gradient plasticity analysis, considering interface effects and elastic mismatch.

Findings

Derived a closed-form relation for yield stress increase due to particles.

Validated the model against experimental data on metal matrix composites.

Analyzed the impact of elastic modulus mismatch on strengthening and strain hardening.

Abstract

Precipitation of fine particles into the base material of a metal is a potent strengthening mechanism. This is numerically analyzed within a continuum framework based on a higher order strain gradient plasticity theory and by use of an axi-symmetric unit cell model. The unit cell contains a spherical particle which is resilient to inelastic deformation and embedded in a homogeneous matrix material. An interface with special characteristics, that separates the particle from the matrix, plays a key role for the overall strengthening. Based on a systematic parametric study a closed form relation is deduced and proposed for the increase in the overall yield stress. This relation is limited to materials containing elastic particles with spacing smaller than the material length scale and volume fractions less than 10 $\%$. It these conditions are met, the plastic strain field in the material becomes essentially constant on the scale of particle spacing. The character of the solution suggests that this result is general despite the simplicity of the unit cell employed in the parametric study. Predictions from the closed form relation is compared with published experimental results, and good agreement is observed in some metal matrix composites and alloys. The influence of a mismatch in elastic modulus between particles and matrix is elucidated, and effects on post yield strain hardening are discussed.