An open-source automated magnetic optical density meter for analysis of suspensions of magnetic cells and particles

TL;DR

This paper introduces MagOD, an open-source, cost-effective spectrophotometer with electromagnets for analyzing magnetic cell suspensions, enabling detailed study of magnetotactic bacteria's behavior and development.

Contribution

The authors developed and shared a reproducible, open-source magnetic optical density meter tailored for magnetotactic bacteria analysis, with performance comparable to commercial devices.

Findings

MagOD can analyze bacteria orientation and reorientation speed.

It monitors bacterial culture development over days.

It extracts magnetic field-dependent parameters from suspensions.

Abstract

We present a spectrophotometer (optical density meter) combined with electromagnets dedicated to the analysis of suspensions of magnetotactic bacteria. The instrument can also be applied to suspensions of other magnetic cells and magnetic particles. We have ensured that our system, called MagOD, can be easily reproduced by providing the source of the 3D prints for the housing, electronic designs, circuit board layouts, and microcontroller software. We compare the performance of our system to existing adapted commercial spectrophotometers. In addition, we demonstrate its use by analyzing the absorbance of magnetotactic bacteria as a function of their orientation with respect to the light path and their speed of reorientation after the field has been rotated by 90 degrees. We continuously monitored the development of a culture of magnetotactic bacteria over a period of five days, and measured the development of their velocity distribution over a period of one hour. Even though this dedicated spectrophotometer is relatively simple to construct and cost-effective, a range of magnetic field-dependent parameters can be extracted from suspensions of magnetotactic bacteria. Therefore, this instrument will help the magnetotactic research community to understand and apply this intriguing micro-organism.