Hybrid neutron stars in the mass-radius diagram

TL;DR

This paper systematically investigates the location of the special point in the mass-radius diagram of hybrid neutron stars using various equations of state and phase transition schemes, revealing its invariance and implications for maximum mass and radii.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the special point's position is invariant across different nuclear matter equations of state and phase transition constructions, providing new insights into hybrid neutron star properties.

Findings

The special point is invariant across different EoS and transition schemes.

The special point correlates with maximum mass and radii of hybrid stars.

Implications for limiting masses and radii of hybrid neutron stars.

Abstract

We present a systematic investigation of the possible locations for the special point (SP), a unique feature of hybrid neutron stars in the mass-radius. The study is performed within the two-phase approach where the high-density (quark matter) phase is described by the constant-sound-speed (CSS) equation of state (EoS) and the nuclear matter phase around saturation density is varied from very soft (APR) to stiff (DD2 with excluded nucleon volume. Different construction schemes for the deconfinement transition are applied: Maxwell construction, mixed phase construction and parabolic interpolation. We demonstrate for the first time that the SP is invariant not only against changing the nuclear matter EoS, but also against variation of the construction schemes for the phase transition. Since the SP serves as a proxy for the maximum mass and accessible radii of massive hybrid stars, we draw conclusions for the limiting masses and radii of hybrid neutron stars.