Muon $g-2$: A review

TL;DR

This review discusses the current experimental and theoretical status of the muon g-2 anomaly, its implications for physics beyond the Standard Model, and future experimental prospects to resolve existing discrepancies.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of recent experimental results, theoretical calculations, and the implications for new physics beyond the Standard Model.

Findings

Fermilab Muon g-2 experiment's first results highlight potential deviations from the SM.

Current theoretical predictions have uncertainties that impact the interpretation of experimental results.

Future experiments aim to clarify the muon g-2 discrepancy and explore BSM physics.

Abstract

The muon magnetic anomaly, $a_{\mu}=(g_{\mu}-2)/2$, plays a special role in the history of the Standard Model (SM). Precise calculations and measurements of this fundamental quantity provide a stringent test of the SM and a window to the physics beyond. In light of the first result published by the Fermilab Muon $g-2$ experiment, this article reviews the current status of the experimental measurement and theoretical prediction of the muon anomalous magnetic moment. It also provides an overview on resulting constraints of associated physics beyond the SM (BSM), future muon $g-2$ experiments, and on the progress of experiments that are closely connected to the physics of the muon $g-2$, such as measurements that could provide complementary information about BSM physics in the muon sector.