On the mKdV equations related to the Kac-Moody algebras $A_5^{(1)}$ and $A_5^{(2)}$

TL;DR

This paper derives and analyzes the mKdV equations associated with specific Kac-Moody algebras, formulating their Lax representations, solving spectral problems via Riemann-Hilbert problems, and reconstructing potentials from scattering data.

Contribution

It introduces a method to derive mKdV equations from Kac-Moody algebras using Mikhailov reductions and solves the associated spectral problems through Riemann-Hilbert techniques.

Findings

Lax representations for mKdV equations related to $A_5^{(1)}$ and $A_5^{(2)}$

Reduction of spectral problems to Riemann-Hilbert problems on rays

Reconstruction of potentials from minimal scattering data sets

Abstract

We outline the derivation of the mKdV equations related to the Kac-Moody algebras $A_5^{(1)}$ and $A_5^{(2)}$. First we formulate their Lax representations and provide details how they can be obtained from generic Lax operators related to the algebra $sl(6)$ by applying proper Mikhailov type reduction groups $\mathbb{Z}_h$. Here $h$ is the Coxeter number of the relevant Kac-Moody algebra. Next we adapt Shabat's method for constructing the fundamental analytic solutions of the Lax operators $L$. Thus we are able to reduce the direct and inverse spectral problems for $L$ to Riemann-Hilbert problems (RHP) on the union of $2h$ rays $l_\nu$. They start from the origin of the complex $\lambda$-plane and close equal angles $\pi/h$. To each $l_\nu$ we associate a subalgebra $\mathfrak{g}_\nu$ which is a direct sum of $sl(2)$-subalgebras. Thus to each regular solution of the RHP we can associate scattering data of $L$ consisting of scattering matrices $T_\nu \in \mathcal{G}_\nu$ and their Gauss decompositions. The main result of the paper is to extract from $T_0$ and $T_1$ related to the rays $l_0$ and $l_1$ the minimal sets of scattering data $\mathcal{T}_k$, $k=1, 2$. We prove that each of the minimal sets $\mathcal{T}_1$ and $\mathcal{T}_2$ allows one to reconstruct both the scattering matrices $T_\nu$, $\nu =0, 1, \dots 2h$ and the corresponding potentials of the Lax operators $L$.