Exceptional Points in the Flatland: A Non-Hermitian Line-Wave Scenario

TL;DR

This paper explores non-Hermitian surface-impedance junctions supporting line waves, demonstrating the existence of exceptional points under parity-time symmetry in flat-optics systems, with potential applications in sensing, lasing, and signal processing.

Contribution

It introduces a unified theoretical framework for non-Hermitian line waves and shows exceptional points can occur in flat-optics systems with practical graphene metasurface parameters.

Findings

Exceptional points occur in flat-optics line-wave systems under PT-symmetry.

Surface-impedance parameters are compatible with graphene metasurfaces at terahertz frequencies.

The study advances understanding of non-Hermitian physics in low-dimensional waveguides.

Abstract

Line waves are recently discovered wave entities that are localized along two directions, and therefore can be viewed as the one-dimensional counterpart of surface waves. These waves can be supported at discontinuities of the surface reactance and/or resistance of low-dimensional materials such as metasurfaces or graphene. Here, a broader class of non-Hermitian surface-impedance junctions is studied that can support coupled line waves, and allows investigating different one-dimensional waveguiding mechanisms in a unified framework. It is theoretically demonstrated that, under parity-time-symmetry conditions, exceptional points can occur in a truly flat-optics scenario, hence endowing these waveguiding systems with the attractive features of both line-wave and exceptional-point physics, and shedding further light on the phase transitions existing in these systems. It is also shown that the required surface-impedance parameters are compatible with those attainable with typical models of photoexcited graphene metasurfaces at terahertz frequencies. Besides providing additional understanding in the physics of line waves, which is still in its infancy, these results pave the way to intriguing developments in the largely unexplored field of non-Hermitian flat optics, with possible applications ranging from sensing to lasing and on-chip optical signal processing.