Possible evidence of p-modes in Cassini measurements of Saturn's gravity field

TL;DR

This study suggests the presence of p-modes in Saturn's gravity field, inferred from Cassini data, indicating strong normal mode excitation and large amplitudes, with implications for Saturn's internal dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a simple forward model to reproduce Cassini gravity residuals using normal mode perturbations, highlighting the potential dominance of p-modes between 500-700uHz.

Findings

Normal modes can explain the gravity residuals in Cassini data.

P-modes are likely dominant in the 500-700uHz range.

Predicted p-mode amplitudes are several kilometers, larger than Jupiter's observations.

Abstract

We analyze the range rate residual data from Cassini's gravity experiment that cannot be explained with a static, zonally symmetric gravity field. In this paper we reproduce the data using a simple forward model of gravity perturbations from normal modes. To do this, we stack data from multiple flybys to improve sensitivity. We find a partially degenerate set of normal mode energy spectra which successfully reproduce the unknown gravity signal from Cassini's flybys. Although there is no unique solution, we find that the models most likely to fit the data are dominated by gravitational contributions from p-modes between 500-700uHz. Because f-modes at lower frequencies have stronger gravity signals for a given amplitude, this result would suggest strong frequency dependence in normal mode excitation on Saturn. We predict peak amplitudes for p-modes on the order of several kilometers, at least an order of magnitude larger than the peak amplitudes inferred by Earth-based observations of Jupiter. The large p-mode amplitudes we predict on Saturn, if they are indeed present and steady state, would imply weak damping with a lower bound of Q>1e7 for these modes, consistent with theoretical predictions.