New-generation dust emission templates for star-forming galaxies

TL;DR

This paper introduces new, more reliable dust emission templates for star-forming galaxies that incorporate TIR luminosity and sSFR dependence, enabling improved estimations of galaxy properties across a wide redshift range.

Contribution

The authors develop the first dust templates that include both TIR luminosity and sSFR dependence, validated with a large sample of normal star-forming galaxies, and provide tools for estimating galaxy properties from IR data.

Findings

Templates accurately estimate TIR luminosity from single bands.

Multi-band estimates provide unbiased TIR luminosity for diverse galaxy types.

Templates are applicable up to redshift 4 with provided software.

Abstract

The IR emission of dust heated by stars provides critical information for galaxy evolution studies. Unfortunately, observations are often limited to the MIR, making templates a necessity. Previously published templates were based on small samples of luminous galaxies, not necessarily representative of normal star-forming galaxies. We construct new dust templates, including instrument-specific relations and software tools that facilitate the estimation of the TIR luminosity and SFR based on one or several fluxes up to z=4. For the first time the templates include a dependence on both TIR luminosity and the sSFR, thereby increasing their reliability and utility. We also provide formulae for calculating TIR luminosities and SFR from JWST F2100W observations at 0<z<2. Our templates are based on 2584 normal star-forming galaxies spanning a wide range of stellar mass and sSFR, including sSFRs typical at higher redshifts. IR spectra and properties are obtained using CIGALE and the Draine & Li (2007) dust models. The photometry from the GALEX-SDSS-WISE Legacy Catalog is supplemented with 2MASS and H-ATLAS, from FUV to 500 microns. The shape of the dust spectrum varies with TIR luminosity, but also independently with sSFR. Remarkably precise estimates of the dust luminosity are possible with a single band over the rest-frame 12-17 and 55-130 microns. We validate single-band estimates on diverse populations, including local LIRGs, and find no significant systematic errors. Using two or more bands simultaneously yields unbiased estimation of the TIR luminosity even of star-forming dwarfs. We obtain fresh insights regarding the interplay between monochromatic IR luminosities, spectral shapes and physical properties, and construct new templates and estimators of the dust luminosity and SFR. We provide software for generating templates and estimating these quantities based on 1-4 bands up to z=4.