The quantum $p$-spin glass model: A user manual for holographers

TL;DR

This paper analyzes a disordered quantum spin model, revealing spin glass phases with emergent conformal symmetry, complex thermodynamics, and quantum chaos, providing insights relevant for holographic dualities.

Contribution

It offers a detailed thermodynamic and dynamical analysis of the quantum p-spin glass model, including an approximate solution and chaos characterization, connecting these findings to holography.

Findings

Spin glass phase exhibits emergent conformal symmetry.

Quantum chaos is present with a Lyapunov exponent dependent on couplings.

The Lyapunov exponent vanishes in the infinite coupling limit.

Abstract

We study a large-$N$ bosonic quantum mechanical sigma-model with a spherical target space subject to disordered interactions, more colloquially known as the $p$-spin spherical model. Replica symmetry is broken at low temperatures and for sufficiently weak quantum fluctuations, which drives the system into a spin glass phase. The first half of this paper is dedicated to a discussion of this model's thermodynamics, with particular emphasis on the marginally stable spin glass. This phase exhibits an emergent conformal symmetry in the strong coupling regime, which dictates its thermodynamic properties. It is associated with an extensive number of nearby states in the free energy landscape. We discuss in detail an elegant approximate solution to the spin glass equations, which interpolates between the conformal regime and an ultraviolet-complete short distance solution. In the second half of this paper we explore the real-time dynamics of the model and uncover quantum chaos as measured by out-of-time-order four-point functions, both numerically and analytically. We find exponential Lyapunov growth, which intricately depends on the model's couplings and becomes strongest in the quantum critical regime. We emphasize that the spin glass phase also exhibits quantum chaos, albeit with parametrically smaller Lyapunov exponent than in the replica symmetric phase. An analytical calculation in the marginal spin glass phase suggests that this Lyapunov exponent vanishes in a particular infinite coupling limit. We comment on the potential meaning of these observations from the perspective of holography.