A diachronic evaluation of gender asymmetry in euphemism

TL;DR

This study rigorously tests the long-held belief that women use euphemisms more than men over time, finding no significant gender difference across diverse English corpora.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive diachronic analysis of gender differences in euphemism usage, challenging previous assumptions.

Findings

Women do not use euphemisms more than men across various contexts.

The result is consistent across different subsets of euphemism-taboo pairs.

Gender does not significantly influence euphemism formation or usage over time.

Abstract

The use of euphemisms is a known driver of language change. It has been proposed that women use euphemisms more than men. Although there have been several studies investigating gender differences in language, the claim about euphemism usage has not been tested comprehensively through time. If women do use euphemisms more, this could mean that women also lead the formation of new euphemisms and language change over time. Using four large diachronic text corpora of English, we evaluate the claim that women use euphemisms more than men through a quantitative analysis. We assembled a list of 106 euphemism-taboo pairs to analyze their relative use through time by each gender in the corpora. Contrary to the existing belief, our results show that women do not use euphemisms with a higher proportion than men. We repeated the analysis using different subsets of the euphemism-taboo pairs list and found that our result was robust. Our study indicates that in a broad range of settings involving both speech and writing, and with varying degrees of formality, women do not use or form euphemisms more than men.