A biased MC for muon production for beam-dump experiments

TL;DR

This paper introduces a Monte Carlo biasing technique that significantly accelerates muon production simulations in beam-dump experiments, enabling more efficient background estimations without sacrificing accuracy.

Contribution

A novel biasing method for Monte Carlo simulations that increases efficiency by three orders of magnitude while preserving first-principles features.

Findings

Achieved 1000x faster muon production simulations

Maintained accuracy comparable to first-principles simulations

Applicable to high-energy proton beam-dump setups

Abstract

The search for feebly-interacting new-physics particles in the MeV-GeV mass range often involves high-intensity beams dumped into thick heavy targets. The challenge of evaluating the expected backgrounds for these searches from first principles is limited by the CPU time needed to generate the shower induced by the primary beam. We present a Monte Carlo biasing method allowing a three orders of magnitude increase in the efficiency for the simulation of the muon production in a 400 GeV$/c$ proton beam-dump setup. At the same time, this biasing method is maintaining nearly every feature of a simulation from first principles.