Evidence for a Cloud-Cloud Collision in Sh2-233 Triggering the Formation of the High-mass Protostar Object IRAS 05358+3543

TL;DR

This study provides evidence that a cloud-cloud collision in the Sh2-233 region triggered the formation of a high-mass protostar, IRAS 05358+3543, by compressing gas into a dense core within 0.5 million years.

Contribution

It presents new kinematic analysis supporting cloud-cloud collision as a mechanism for forming high-mass protostellar cores, which was previously unexplained.

Findings

Clouds are colliding with a velocity difference of 2.6 km/s.

Collision likely formed the filament and dense cores within 0.5 Myr.

Supports cloud-cloud collision as a key process in high-mass star formation.

Abstract

We have carried out a new kinematical analysis of the molecular gas in the Sh2-233 region by using the CO $J$ = 2-1 data taken at $\sim$0.5 pc resolution. The molecular gas consists of a filamentary cloud of 5-pc length with 1.5-pc width where two dense cloud cores are embedded. The filament lies between two clouds, which have a velocity difference of 2.6 km s$^{-1}$ and are extended over $\sim$5 pc. We frame a scenario that the two clouds are colliding with each other and compressed the gas between them to form the filament in $\sim$0.5 Myr which is perpendicular to the collision. It is likely that the collision formed not only the filamentary cloud but also the two dense cores. One of the dense cores is associated with the high-mass protostellar candidate IRAS 05358+3543, a representative high-mass protostar. In the monolithic collapse scheme of high mass star formation, a compact dense core of 100 $M_\odot$ within a volume of 0.1 pc radius is assumed as the initial condition, whereas the formation of such a core remained unexplained in the previous works. We argue that the proposed collision is a step which efficiently collects the gas of 100 $M_\odot$ into 0.1 pc radius. This lends support for that the cloud-cloud collision is an essential process in forming the compact high-mass dense core, IRAS 05358+3543.