Space-average electromagnetic fields and EM anomaly weighted by energy density in heavy-ion collisions

TL;DR

This paper investigates the space-averaged electromagnetic fields weighted by energy density in heavy-ion collisions, providing analytical formulas to describe their time evolution and implications for magnetic-field induced effects.

Contribution

It introduces a method to compute space-average EM fields weighted by energy density and offers analytical formulas based on numerical simulations across various collision energies.

Findings

Space-average EM fields are smaller early on but decay slower later.

Analytical formulas accurately fit numerical results for different energies.

Weighted EM anomaly $ extbf{E} extbf{·} extbf{B}$ is also characterized.

Abstract

We study the space-average electromagnetic (EM) fields weighted by the energy density in the central regions of heavy ion collisions. These average quantities can serve as a barometer for the magnetic-field induced effects such as the magnetic effect, the chiral separation effect and the chiral magnetic wave. Comparing with the magnetic fields at the geometric center of the collision, the space-average fields weighted by the energy density are smaller in the early stage but damp slower in the later stage. The space average of squared fields as well as the EM anomaly $\mathbf{E}\cdot\mathbf{B}$ weighted by the energy density are also calculated. We give parameterized analytical formula for these average quantities as functions of time by fitting numerical results for collisions in the collision energy range $7.7-200$ GeV with different impact parameters.