Extended relativistic non-equilibrium thermostatics of stellar structures with radiation pressure

TL;DR

This paper develops an extended relativistic thermodynamic formalism for static spherically symmetric stellar systems where radiation pressure is significant, incorporating a new four-vector to better model non-equilibrium states.

Contribution

It introduces a novel extension of Israel-Stewart thermodynamics using a spacelike four-vector, enabling detailed analysis of non-equilibrium stellar structures with radiation pressure.

Findings

Profiles of non-equilibrium pressure and temperature are derived.

The formalism allows for phenomenological analysis of stellar parameters.

Enhanced modeling of relativistic stellar systems with radiation effects.

Abstract

We establish the extended formalism for description of the static spherically symmetric relativistic non-equilibrium stellar systems in the formation of which the radiation pressure plays the key role. The main concept of this extended formalism inherits the ideas, on which the Israel-Stewart causal thermodynamics is based, but now the unit spacelike four-vector, indicated by the term director, is exploited in addition to the unit timelike medium velocity four-vector. An application of the extended formalism is considered; we analyze the profiles of the non-equilibrium pressure and temperature as the functions of guiding parameters introduced phenomenologically.