The influence of the symmetry of identical particles on flight times

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the symmetry of identical particles affects their flight times and evolution, revealing that fermions and bosons exhibit distinct behaviors in arrival times, distribution shapes, and decay dynamics, with implications for quantum effects like the Zeno effect.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of how particle symmetry influences flight time distributions, wave function overlap decay, and tunneling times in both nonrelativistic and relativistic regimes, highlighting new effects of quantum statistics.

Findings

Fermions have broader flight time distributions than bosons.

Fermions arrive earlier and later than distinguishable particles and bosons.

The quantum Zeno effect is stronger for bosons than for fermions.

Abstract

In this work, our purpose is to show how the symmetry of identical particles can influence the time evolution of free particles in the nonrelativistic and relativistic domains. For this goal, we consider a system of either two distinguishable or indistinguishable (bosons and fermions) particles. Two classes of initial conditions have been studied: different initial locations with the same momenta, and the same locations with different momenta. The flight time distribution of particles arriving at a `screen' is calculated in each case. Fermions display broader distributions as compared with either distinguishable particles or bosons, leading to earlier and later arrivals for all the cases analyzed here. The symmetry of the wave function seems to speed up or slow down propagation of particles. Due to the cross terms, certain initial conditions lead to bimodality in the fermionic case. Within the nonrelativistic domain and when the short-time survival probability is analyzed, if the cross term becomes important, one finds that the decay of the overlap of fermions is faster than for distinguishable particles which in turn is faster than for bosons. These results are of interest in the short time limit since they imply that the well-known quantum Zeno effect would be stronger for bosons than for fermions.Fermions also arrive earlier than bosons when they are scattered by a delta barrier. Furthermore, the particle symmetry does not affect the mean tunneling flight time and it is given by the phase time for the distinguishable particle.