The third law of thermodynamics, non-extensivity, and energy definition in black hole physics

TL;DR

This paper investigates the third law of thermodynamics in black hole physics, highlighting violations in standard approaches and proposing thermodynamics as a tool to refine energy definitions within generalized statistics.

Contribution

It demonstrates the violation of the third law in Schwarzschild black holes using Bekenstein entropy and suggests thermodynamics can reconcile quantum and thermodynamic predictions by broadening energy concepts.

Findings

Violation of the third law in Schwarzschild black holes with Bekenstein entropy

Inconsistencies between quantum field theory and thermodynamics on black hole temperature

Thermodynamics can guide more comprehensive energy definitions in high-energy physics

Abstract

Working in the framework of generalized statistics, the problem of establishing the third law of thermodynamics in the black hole physics is studied by focusing on Schwarzschild black hole which easily and clearly exposes the violation of this law in the common approach based on Bekenstein entropy. Additionally, it is addressed that some inconsistencies between the predictions of quantum field theory and thermodynamics about the black hole temperature may be reconciled by using the thermodynamics laws in order to broaden energy definition. It claims that thermodynamics should be employed as a powerful tool in looking for more comprehensive energy definitions in high-energy physics, still mysterious.