Quantum dynamics of open many-qubit systems strongly coupled to a quantized electromagnetic field in dissipative cavities

TL;DR

This paper derives analytic solutions for the quantum dynamics of many-qubit systems strongly coupled to a quantized electromagnetic cavity, accounting for dissipation and decoherence, revealing complex entanglement and collective behaviors.

Contribution

It provides the first broad class of analytic solutions for open quantum systems with multiple qubits and cavity modes, including diverse initial states and system configurations.

Findings

Systems can evolve into various entangled states with interference effects.

Dissipation can lead to dark states decoupled from cavity modes.

Multi-electron systems can behave as a giant collective dipole.

Abstract

We study quantum dynamics of many-qubit systems strongly coupled to a quantized electromagnetic cavity mode, in the presence of decoherence and dissipation for both fermions and cavity photons. The analytic solutions are derived for a broad class of open quantum systems in Lindblad approximation. They include identical qubits, an ensemble of qubits with a broad distribution of transition frequencies, and multi-level electron systems. Compact analytic solutions for time-dependent quantum state amplitudes and observables become possible with the use of the stochastic equation of evolution for the state vector. We show that depending on the initial quantum state preparation, the systems can evolve into a rich variety of entangled states with destructive or constructive interference between the qubits. In particular, dissipation in a cavity can drive the system into the dark states completely decoupled from the cavity modes. We also find the regimes in which multi-electron systems with a broad distribution of transition frequencies couple to the quantized cavity field as a giant collective dipole.