Towards a Very Large Scale Traffic Simulator for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Testbeds

TL;DR

This paper introduces a meso-macro traffic simulator designed for large-scale DRL testbeds, significantly improving efficiency and scalability over existing microscopic simulators like SUMO.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel meso-macro traffic simulation framework that enables city-wide DRL testing with high efficiency and flexibility, addressing limitations of current microscopic simulators.

Findings

Simulator completes a 24-hour city simulation in 46 seconds

It outperforms SUMO in speed for large-scale scenarios

Supports hybrid models for diverse DRL tasks

Abstract

Smart traffic control and management become an emerging application for Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to solve traffic congestion problems in urban networks. Different traffic control and management policies can be tested on the traffic simulation. Current DRL-based studies are mainly supported by the microscopic simulation software (e.g., SUMO), while it is not suitable for city-wide control due to the computational burden and gridlock effect. To the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of studies on the large-scale traffic simulator for DRL testbeds, which could further hinder the development of DRL. In view of this, we propose a meso-macro traffic simulator for very large-scale DRL scenarios. The proposed simulator integrates mesoscopic and macroscopic traffic simulation models to improve efficiency and eliminate gridlocks. The mesoscopic link model simulates flow dynamics on roads, and the macroscopic Bathtub model depicts vehicle movement in regions. Moreover, both types of models can be hybridized to accommodate various DRL tasks. This creates portals for mixed transportation applications under different contexts. The result shows that the developed simulator only takes 46 seconds to finish a 24-hour simulation in a very large city with 2.2 million vehicles, which is much faster than SUMO. Additionally, we develop a graphic interface for users to visualize the simulation results in a web explorer. In the future, the developed meso-macro traffic simulator could serve as a new environment for very large-scale DRL problems.