18.8 Gbps real-time quantum random number generator with a photonic integrated chip

TL;DR

This paper introduces the fastest and most compact quantum random number generator, achieving an 18.8 Gbps real-time output rate by integrating photonic components and optimized randomness extraction on a single chip.

Contribution

It presents a miniaturized QRNG with record high-speed output by combining photonic integrated circuits and advanced randomness extraction techniques.

Findings

Achieved 18.8 Gbps real-time random number generation.

Integrated photonic circuit with high-frequency response.

Validated ultrafast random bitstream output in real-time.

Abstract

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can produce true random numbers. Yet, the two most important QRNG parameters highly desired for practical applications, i.e., speed and size, have to be compromised during implementations. Here, we present the fastest and miniaturized QRNG with a record real-time output rate as high as 18.8 Gbps by combining a photonic integrated chip and the technology of optimized randomness extraction. We assemble the photonic integrated circuit designed for vacuum state QRNG implementation, InGaAs homodyne detector and high-bandwidth transimpedance amplifier into a single chip using hybrid packaging, which exhibits the excellent characteristics of integration and high-frequency response. With a sample rate of 2.5 GSa/s in a 10-bit analog-to-digital converter and subsequent paralleled postprocessing in a field programmable gate array, the QRNG outputs ultrafast random bitstreams via a fiber optic transceiver, whose real-time speed is validated in a personal computer.