Implications of PREX-2 on the electric dipole polarizability of neutron rich nuclei

TL;DR

This paper investigates the conflicting implications of recent PREX-2 measurements and electric dipole polarizability data on the symmetry energy and neutron skin thickness in heavy nuclei, highlighting a significant discrepancy.

Contribution

It compares constraints from PREX-2 and electric dipole polarizability using covariant energy density functionals, revealing a systematic overestimation of polarizability predictions based on PREX-2 data.

Findings

PREX-2 suggests a stiff symmetry energy with a thick neutron skin in 208Pb.

Electric dipole polarizability measurements favor a softer symmetry energy.

Current models cannot reconcile PREX-2 results with electric dipole polarizability data.

Abstract

The recent announcement by the PREX collaboration of an unanticipated thick neutron skin in 208Pb (Rskin208) has challenged our understanding of neutron rich matter in the vicinity of nuclear saturation density. Whereas earlier constraints indicate that the symmetry energy is relatively soft, the PREX-2 result seems to suggest the opposite. We confront constraints on the symmetry energy obtained from measurements of the electric dipole polarizability against those informed by the PREX-2 measurement of Rskin208 and by the correlations that it entails. Covariant energy density functionals informed by the properties of finite nuclei are used to compute the electric dipole response of 48Ca, 68Ni, 132Sn, and 208Pb. The set of functionals used in this work are consistent with experimental data, yet are flexible enough in that they span a wide range of values of Rskin208. It is found that theoretical predictions of the electric dipole polarizability that are consistent with the PREX-2 measurement systematically overestimate the corresponding values extracted from the direct measurements of the distribution of electric dipole strength. The neutron skin thickness of 208Pb extracted from parity violating electron scattering and the electric dipole polarizability measured in photoabsorption experiments are two of the cleanest experimental tools used to constrain the symmetry energy around nuclear saturation density. However, the recent value of Rskin208 that suggests a fairly stiff symmetry energy stands in stark contrast to the conclusions derived from the electric dipole polarizability. At present, we offer no solution to this dilemma.