Holographic dark energy in curved spacetime for interacting fluids

TL;DR

This paper investigates two holographic dark energy models in curved spacetime with interacting fluids, analyzing their dynamics, singularities, and thermodynamic properties using recent cosmological data.

Contribution

It introduces a novel holographic dark energy framework with dynamic parameters and reconstructs interaction terms from model dynamics, considering spatial curvature and future singularities.

Findings

Interaction term $Q$ remains positive during evolution

Dark sector temperatures grow over time

Cosmic evolution is non-adiabatic, satisfying the second law under specific conditions

Abstract

In this work we explore the scope of two holographic dark energy models within the interacting scenario for the dark sector and spatial curvature. For one holographic model we consider the usual formula for the dark energy density with the Hubble scale and the second model is given in terms of a function instead of a constant parameter as in the usual holographic formula. In this description both holographic models admit a future singularity. The use of recent cosmological data is considered only to support the physical results of our proposal. The interaction term for each holographic model, $Q$, keeps positive along the cosmic evolution and are not given a priori, they are reconstructed from the dynamics of the model. The temperatures for the components of the dark sector are computed and exhibit a growing behavior in both scenarios. The cosmic evolution in this context it is not adiabatic and the second law it is fulfilled only under certain well-established conditions for the temperatures of the cosmic components and positive $Q$-terms.