$H_0$ tension without CMB data: beyond the $\Lambda$CDM

TL;DR

This study examines the H0 tension using indirect measurements like BAO, BBN, and supernovae, finding the tension persists beyond the standard LambdaCDM model even without CMB data.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the H0 tension remains significant across various extended models without relying on CMB data.

Findings

Estimated H0 from indirect data is consistently lower than local measurements.

The H0 tension persists across multiple extended cosmological models.

The tension's significance varies but remains notable without CMB data.

Abstract

We investigate the $H_0$ tension in a range of extended model frameworks beyond the standard $\Lambda$CDM without the data from cosmic microwave background (CMB). Specifically, we adopt the data from baryon acoustic oscillation, big bang nucleosynthesis and type Ia supernovae as indirect measurements of $H_0$ to study the tension. We show that the estimated value of $H_0$ from indirect measurements is overall lower than that from direct local ones regardless of the data sets and a range of extended models to be analyzed, which indicates that, although the significance of the tension varies depending on models, the $H_0$ tension persists in a broad framework beyond the standard $\Lambda$CDM model even without CMB data.