Near-threshold scaling of resonant inelastic collisions at ultralow temperatures

TL;DR

This paper reveals unconventional near-threshold scaling laws for resonant inelastic collision cross sections at ultralow temperatures, showing their dependence on angular momentum exchange and collision energy, with implications for ultracold molecular physics.

Contribution

It introduces new threshold laws for resonant inelastic collisions, demonstrating their dependence on angular momentum exchange and collision energy, supported by quantum scattering calculations.

Findings

Inelastic cross sections scale as E^{Δm_{12}} near threshold.

Rates vanish as T^{Δm_{12}+1/2} for Δm_{12} ≠ 0.

Modified scaling laws apply for even partial wave collisions.

Abstract

We show that the cross sections for a broad range of resonant {\it inelastic} processes accompanied by excitation exchange (such as spin-exchange, F\"orster resonant, or angular momentum exchange) exhibit an unconventional near-threshold scaling $E^{\Delta m_{12}}$, where $E$ is the collision energy, $\Delta m_{12}=m_1'+m_2'-m_1-m_2$, and $m_i$ and $m_i'$ are the initial and final angular momentum projections of the colliding species ($i=1,\,2$). In particular, the inelastic cross sections for $\Delta m_{12}=0$ transitions display an unconventional $E^0$ scaling similar to that of elastic cross sections, and their rates vanish as $T^{\Delta m_{12}+1/2}$. For collisions dominated by even partial waves (such as those of identical bosons in the same internal state) the scaling is modified to $\sigma_\text{inel}\propto E^{\Delta m_{12} +1} $ if $\Delta m_{12}$ is odd. We present accurate quantum scattering calculations that illustrate these modified threshold laws for resonant spin exchange in ultracold Rb+Rb and O$_2$+O$_2$ collisions. Our results illustrate that the threshold scaling of collision cross sections is determined only by the energetics of the underlying process (resonant vs. exothermic) rather than by whether the internal states of colliding particles is changed in the collision.