Tunable High-Q Resonator by General Impedance Converter

TL;DR

This paper presents a tunable high-Q resonator based on the General Impedance Converter (GIC) using operational amplifiers, with formulas derived for its impedance, resonance frequency, and Q-factor, validated by voltage measurements.

Contribution

It introduces a novel active resonator design using GIC with explicit formulas for tuning and quality factor, validated experimentally.

Findings

Voltage measurements agree with theoretical formulas.

Electrometer operational amplifiers are optimal for construction.

Resonator tuning is achieved through GIC parameters.

Abstract

For the need of measurements focused in condensed matter physics and especially Bernoulli effect in superconductors we have developed an active resonator with dual operational amplifiers. A tunable high-Q resonator is performed in the schematics of the the General Impedance Converter (GIC). In the framework of frequency dependent open-loop gain of operational amplifiers, a general formula of the frequency dependence of the impedance of GIC is derived. The explicit formulas for the resonance frequency and Q-factor include as immanent parameter the crossover frequency of the operational amplifier. Voltage measurements of GIC with a lock-in amplifier perfectly agree with the derived formulas. A table reveals that electrometer operational amplifiers are the best choice to build the described resonator.