Fast Preparation and Detection of a Rydberg Qubit using Atomic Ensembles

TL;DR

This paper presents a rapid method for preparing, manipulating, and reading out a Rydberg qubit using atomic ensembles, achieving high fidelity and speed suitable for quantum computing applications.

Contribution

It introduces a novel ensemble-based approach for fast Rydberg qubit operations with high success probability and fidelity, significantly improving detection speed over traditional methods.

Findings

Single qubit preparation in 3 microseconds with 93% success probability

Readout achieved in 6 microseconds with 92% fidelity

Qubit coherence time of 15 microseconds

Abstract

We demonstrate a new approach for fast preparation, manipulation, and collective readout of an atomic Rydberg-state qubit. By making use of Rydberg blockade inside a small atomic ensemble, we prepare a single qubit within 3~$\mu$s with a success probability of $F_p=0.93 \pm 0.02$, rotate it, and read out its state in $6$ $\mu s$ with a single-shot fidelity of $F_d=0.92 \pm 0.04$. The ensemble-assisted detection is $10^3$ times faster than imaging of a single atom with the same optical resolution, and enables fast repeated non-destructive measurement. We observe qubit coherence times of 15~$\mu$s, much longer than the $\pi$ rotation time of 90~ns. Potential applications ranging from faster quantum information processing in atom arrays to efficient implementation of quantum error correction are discussed.