Few-to-many vortex states of density-angular-momentum coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper theoretically investigates vortex states in a quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate with density-angular-momentum coupling, revealing stable regimes and vortex lattice formations through exact solutions and numerical simulations.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical framework with exact solutions for density-angular-momentum coupled BECs and explores vortex configurations under various experimental conditions.

Findings

Stable regimes identified via exact solutions.

Vortex lattices and rings observed at high rotation.

Interplay of coupling and trap anisotropy affects superfluid states.

Abstract

Motivated by recent experiments, we theoretically study a gas of atomic bosons confined in an elliptical harmonic trap; forming a quasi-two-dimensional atomic Bose-Einstein condensate subject to a density-dependent gauge potential which realises an effective density-angular-momentum coupling. We present exact Thomas-Fermi solutions which allows us to identify the stable regimes of the full parameter space of the model. Accompanying numerical simulations reveal the effect of the interplay of the rigid body and density-angular-momentum coupling for the elliptically confined condensate. By varying the strength of the gauge potential and trap anisotropy we explore how the superfluid state emerges in different experimentally accessible geometries, while for large rotation strengths dense vortex lattices and concentric vortex ring arrangements are obtained.