Boundary effects on classical liquid density fluctuations

TL;DR

This paper investigates how quantum vacuum fluctuations, influenced by cosmic string topology and boundary conditions, affect the density fluctuations in a classical liquid, providing analytic expressions and graphical analysis.

Contribution

It presents new analytic formulas for density fluctuations in a liquid due to quantum effects in cosmic string and boundary scenarios.

Findings

Explicit expressions for two-point functions and density fluctuations.

Boundary conditions significantly influence fluctuation characteristics.

Graphical analysis reveals specific features of density fluctuations.

Abstract

In this paper, we study quantum vacuum fluctuation effects on the mass density of a classical liquid arising from the conical topology of an effective idealized cosmic string spacetime, as well as from the mixed, Dirichlet, and Neumann boundary conditions in Minkowski spacetime. In this context, we consider a phonon field representing quantum excitations of the liquid density, which obeys an effective Klein-Gordon equation with the sound velocity replaced by the light velocity. In the idealized cosmic string spacetime, the phonon field is subject to a quasi-periodic condition. Moreover, in Minkowski spacetime, the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are applied on one and also two parallel planes. We, thus, in each case, obtain closed analytic expressions for the two-point function and the renormalized mean-squared density fluctuation of the liquid. We point out specific characteristics of the latter by plotting their graphs.