Synthesis and properties of free-standing monolayer amorphous carbon

TL;DR

This paper reports the synthesis of stable, free-standing monolayer amorphous carbon with a unique structure resembling a nano-crystallite model, characterized by atomic-resolution imaging and various spectroscopic techniques, revealing its potential for electronic applications.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method to synthesize and characterize monolayer amorphous carbon, providing insights into its atomic structure and physical properties, distinct from bulk amorphous materials.

Findings

Monolayer amorphous carbon is stable and insulating.

Its structure resembles a nano-crystallite model, not a continuous random network.

It exhibits high breaking strength and potential for electronic applications.

Abstract

Bulk amorphous materials have been studied extensively and are widely used, yet their atomic arrangement remains an open issue. Although they are generally believed to be Zachariasen continuous random networks, recent experimental evidence favours the competing crystallite model in the case of amorphous silicon. In two-dimensional materials, however, the corresponding questions remain unanswered. Here we report the synthesis, by laser-assisted chemical vapour deposition, of centimetre-scale, free-standing, continuous and stable monolayer amorphous carbon, topologically distinct from disordered graphene. Unlike in bulk materials, the structure of monolayer amorphous carbon can be determined by atomic-resolution imaging. Extensive characterization by Raman and X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy reveals the complete absence of long-range periodicity and a threefold-coordinated structure with a wide distribution of bond lengths, bond angles, and five-, six-, seven- and eight-member rings. The ring distribution is not a Zachariasen continuous random network, but resembles the competing (nano)crystallite model. We construct a corresponding model that enables density-functional-theory calculations of the properties of monolayer amorphous carbon, in accordance with observations. Direct measurements confirm that it is insulating, with resistivity values similar to those of boron nitride grown by chemical vapour deposition. Free-standing monolayer amorphous carbon is surprisingly stable and deforms to a high breaking strength, without crack propagation from the point of fracture. The excellent physical properties of this stable, free-standing monolayer amorphous carbon could prove useful for permeation and diffusion barriers in applications such as magnetic recording devices and flexible electronics.