Investigation into the foundations of the track-event theory of cell survival and the radiation action model based on nanodosimetry

TL;DR

This paper critically examines the assumptions of the track-event theory and nanodosimetry-based radiation models, clarifying their foundations, and discusses how these assumptions influence predictions of cell survival and DNA damage.

Contribution

It clarifies the fundamental assumptions of TET and RAMN, assesses their implications, and proposes methods to incorporate track structure into model parameter derivation.

Findings

Poisson distribution assumptions are unnecessary for multi-event distributions.

Exponential dose dependence arises if single-event assumptions are made.

Independent repair assumptions may be inconsistent with model premises.

Abstract

This work aims at carving out more clearly the basic assumptions behind the "track-event theory" (TET) and its derivate radiation action model based on nanodosimetry (RAMN) by clearly distinguishing between effects of tracks at the cellular level and the induction of lesions in subcellular targets. It is demonstrated that the model assumptions of Poisson distribution and statistical independence of the frequency of single and clustered DNA lesions are dispensable for multi-event distributions, because they follow from the Poisson distribution of the number of tracks affecting the considered target volume. It is also shown that making these assumptions for the single-event distributions of the number of lethal and sublethal lesions within a cell would lead to an essentially exponential dose dependence of survival for practically relevant values of the absorbed dose. Furthermore, it is elucidated that the model equation used in the literature for consideration of repair within the TET is based on the assumption that DNA lesions induced by different tracks are repaired independently and that the model equation is presumably inconsistent with the model assumptions and requires an additional model parameter. Furthermore, the methodology for deriving model parameters from nanodosimetric properties of particle track structure is critically assessed. Based on data from proton track simulations it is shown that the assumption of statistically independent targets leads to a prediction of negligible frequency of clustered DNA damage. An approach is outlined how track structure could be considered in determining the model parameters, and the implications for TET and RAMN are discussed.