On Gravitational Stefan-Boltzmann Law and Casimir Effect in FRW Universe

TL;DR

This paper investigates gravitational thermodynamic effects in a flat FRW universe using Thermo Field Dynamics and Teleparallel Gravity, providing insights into the cosmological constant and universe's deceleration.

Contribution

It introduces a novel calculation of Stefan-Boltzmann and Casimir effects within the FRW universe using TFD and TEGR frameworks, linking thermodynamics to cosmological parameters.

Findings

Predicted a minimum deceleration parameter range.

Estimated a very small magnitude for the cosmological constant.

Aligned effects with observed cosmological phenomena.

Abstract

Both Stefan-Boltzmann law and the Casimir effect, in a universe described by the FRW metric with zero curvature, are calculated. These effects are described by Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD). The gravitational energy-momentum tensor is defined in the context of Teleparallel Equivalent to General Relativity (TEGR). Each of the two effects gives a consistent prediction with what is observed on a cosmological scale. One of the effect establishes a minimum range for the deceleration parameter. While another leads to the conclusion that a possible cosmological constant has a very small order of magnitude.