Anomalous $Z^\prime$ bosons for anomalous $B$ decays

TL;DR

This paper proposes an extension of the Standard Model with an anomalous $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry, introducing a heavy $Z'$ boson to explain $b o s\, ext{ll}$ anomalies while maintaining anomaly cancellation and flavor symmetries.

Contribution

It introduces a novel $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry extension that accounts for $B$ decay anomalies and addresses fermion mass hierarchies with minimal flavor symmetry breaking.

Findings

Model can be made anomaly-free with additional charged fermions.

The $Z'$ mediates $b o s\, ext{ll}$ anomalies at TeV scale.

Compatibility with experimental constraints is established.

Abstract

Motivated by the intriguing discrepancies in $b\to s \ell\ell$ transitions, the fermion mass problem, and a desire to preserve the accidental symmetries of the Standard Model (SM), we extend the SM by an anomalous $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry where $X=Y_3+a(L_\mu-L_\tau)/6$. The heavy $Z^\prime$ boson associated with spontaneously breaking $U(1)_X$ at the TeV scale mediates the $b\to s\ell\ell$ anomalies via $\mathcal{O}^\mu_9 \sim\frac{1}{\Lambda^2}(\bar{s}\gamma_\rho P_L b)(\bar{\mu} \gamma^\rho \mu)$. We show that this model, which features mixed gauge anomalies involving $U(1)_X$ and hypercharge, can be made anomaly-free for any $a\in \mathbb{Z}$ by integrating in a pair of charged fermions whose masses naturally reside somewhere between 1 and 30 TeV. The gauge symmetry permits only the third family Yukawas at the renormalisable level, and so the light quark masses and mixings are controlled by accidental $U(2)^3$ flavour symmetries which we assume are minimally broken alongside $U(1)_X$. The lepton sector is not governed by $U(2)$ symmetries, but rather one expects a nearly diagonal charged lepton Yukawa with $m_{e,\mu} \ll m_\tau$. The model does not explain the hierarchy $m_e\ll m_\mu$, but it does possess high quality lepton flavour symmetries that are robust to the heavy physics responsible for generating $m_{e,\mu}$. We establish the viability of these models by checking agreement with the most important experimental constraints. We comment on how the model could also explain neutrino masses and the muon $g-2$.