Swelling Dynamics of a Disk-Shaped Gel

TL;DR

This study investigates the swelling dynamics of disk-shaped gels by solving the coupled diffusion-mechanical equations, revealing how gel geometry and material properties influence swelling behavior and timing.

Contribution

The paper provides a rigorous solution to the diffusio-mechanical coupling in gel swelling, including analytical expressions for swelling time and deformation characteristics.

Findings

Thickness and radius increase monotonically during swelling.

Mid-plane compression occurs despite overall expansion.

Swelling time is mainly influenced by the gel's friction and osmotic properties.

Abstract

When a gel absorbs solvent from surrounding, stress field is created in the gel, and this causes complex dynamics of the swelling behavior. Here we study this effect for disk-shaped gel by rigorously solving the diffusio-mechanical coupling equation. We show that (a) while the macroscopic thickness and the radius of the gel increases monotonically in time, the gel is compressed near the mid-plane, and that (b) while the swelling time depends on the shear modulus $G$ of the gel, its dependence is weak, and the time is mainly determined by the friction constant of the gel network and the osmotic bulk modulus of the gel. We also show that these characteristic features are reproduced accurately by a simple variational calculation for the gel deformation. An analytical expression is given for the swelling time.