Understanding Magnetic Phase Coexistence in Ru$_2$Mn$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$Sn Heusler Alloys: A Neutron Scattering, Thermodynamic, and Phenomenological Analysis

TL;DR

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of magnetic phase coexistence in Ru$_2$Mn$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$Sn Heusler alloys, revealing detailed phase diagrams, coexistence length scales, and the influence of secondary phases through neutron scattering and thermodynamic measurements.

Contribution

It offers the first detailed temperature- and composition-dependent magnetic phase diagram for Ru$_2$Mn$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$Sn alloys, combining experimental data with phenomenological modeling.

Findings

FM-AFM coexistence occurs between x ≈ 0.30 and 0.70

Magnetic phase coexistence length scales are 25-100 nm

An intermediate FM phase is influenced by a Ru-rich secondary phase

Abstract

The random substitutional solid solution between the antiferromagnetic (AFM) full-Heusler alloy Ru$_2$MnSn and the ferromagnetic (FM) full-Heusler alloy Ru$_2$FeSn provides a rare opportunity to study FM-AFM phase competition in a near-lattice-matched, cubic system, with full solubility. At intermediate $x$ in Ru$_2$Mn$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$Sn this system displays suppressed magnetic ordering temperatures, spatially coexisting FM and AFM order, and strong coercivity enhancement, despite rigorous chemical homogeneity. Here, we construct the most detailed temperature- and $x$-dependent understanding of the magnetic phase competition and coexistence in this system to date, combining wide-temperature-range neutron diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering with magnetometry and specific heat measurements on thoroughly characterized polycrystals. A complete magnetic phase diagram is generated, showing FM-AFM coexistence between $x \approx 0.30$ and $x \approx 0.70$. Important new insight is gained from the extracted length scales for magnetic phase coexistence (25-100 nm), the relative magnetic volume fractions and ordering temperatures, in addition to remarkable $x$-dependent trends in magnetic and electronic contributions to specific heat. An unusual feature in the magnetic phase diagram (an intermediate FM phase) is also shown to arise from an extrinsic effect related to a minor Ru-rich secondary phase. The established magnetic phase diagram is then discussed with the aid of phenomenological modeling, clarifying the nature of the mesoscale phase coexistence with respect to the understanding of disordered Heisenberg models.