The dynamic state index with moisture and phase changes

TL;DR

This paper extends the dynamic state index (DSI) to moist air flows with phase changes, providing a new tool to analyze complex thermodynamic and dynamic processes in weather systems.

Contribution

It introduces generalized DSI-like indicators for moist, phase-changing flows, enhancing the analysis of atmospheric dynamics beyond ideal fluid models.

Findings

Generalized DSI indices can detect deviations from balanced states in moist atmospheric flows.

The indices help identify the influence of moisture and phase changes on flow dynamics.

Comparison of indices reveals insights into the internal balance of physical processes.

Abstract

The dynamic state index (DSI) is a scalar field that combines variational information on the total energy and enstrophy of a flow field with the second law of thermodynamics. Its magnitude is a combined local measure for non-stationarity, diabaticity, and dissipation in the flow, and it has been shown to provide good qualitative indications for the onset and presence of precipitation and the organization of storms. The index has been derived thus far for ideal fluid models only, however, so that one may expect more detailed insights from a revised definition of the quantity that includes more complex aerothermodynamics. The present paper suggests definitions of DSI-like indicators for flows of moist air with phase changes and precipitation. In this way, the DSI is generalized to signal deviations from a variety of different types of balanced states. A comparison of these indices evaluated with respect to one and the same flow field enables the user to test whether the flow internally balances any combination of the physical processes encoded in the generalized DSI-indices.