Experimental Investigation of the Fluid-Structure Interaction during the Water Impact of Thin Aluminium Plates at High Horizontal Speed

TL;DR

This experimental study investigates the fluid-structure interaction during high-speed water impact of thin aluminium plates, revealing how deformation affects pressure distribution and load, with implications for scaling and structural behavior.

Contribution

It provides new experimental insights into the fluid-structure interaction during water impact of thin plates, highlighting deformation effects on pressure and load.

Findings

Deformation reduces pressure peaks but increases total load by up to 50%.

Structural deformation alters spray root shape and pressure distribution.

Hydrodynamic loads do not scale simply when large deformations occur.

Abstract

The water impact of an inclined flat plate and at high horizontal velocity is experimentally investigated with focus on the fluid-structure interaction aspects. Several test conditions have been examined by varying the vertical to horizontal velocity ratio, the pitch angle and the plate thickness. Measurements are performed in terms of strains, loads and local pressure. The study highlights the significant changes in the strains and, more in general, in the structural behaviour when varying the plate stiffness and the test conditions. For some of the test presented, permanent deformations are also found. The strong fluid-structure interaction is analysed by comparing the simultaneous measurements of strains and pressures, and it is shown that the deformation of the plate leads to a reduction of the pressure peak and to a corresponding pressure rise behind it. The variation in the shape of the spray root caused by the structural deformation are discussed based on both pressure measurements and underwater images. Despite the reduction of the pressure peak intensity, it is shown that the structural deformation leads to an increase in the total loading up to 50% for the test conditions examined in this study. It is also observed that in presence of large structural deformations the hydrodynamic loads do not obey the scaling that works in the case of the thick plates, and some practical conclusions about the scaling of tests in presence of a strong fluid-structure interaction are provided.