Experimental Investigation of Aortic Pressure Variations Following a Simulated Thoracic Impact

TL;DR

This study uses a simulated thoracic impact on a dummy with a realistic heart model to analyze aortic pressure changes, aiming to better understand traumatic aortic rupture mechanisms and improve prevention strategies.

Contribution

It introduces a novel experimental setup with a 3D printed ribcage and in vitro heart to measure aortic pressure during simulated impacts.

Findings

Aortic pressure varies significantly during impact

Impact severity correlates with pressure changes

Results enhance understanding of rupture mechanisms

Abstract

Blunt traumatic aortic rupture is a heart injury that can occur in falls, automobile accidents, and sporting injuries involving impact to the thorax. Despite its severity and high morbidity rate, the research still does not provide a consistent description of the mechanism of rupture. In this study, a crash testing dummy with an in vitro pumping heart, 3D printed ribcage, and ballistic gel damping layer was developed to reproduce a realistic response to thoracic impact. Testing was performed using a standardized pendulum used for calibration of crash test dummies, with the location of impact being the middle of the sternum. Different impact severities were tested by adjusting the kinetic energy at impact with the initial height of the pendulum. Measurements of the dummy include instantaneous aortic pressure waveforms prior, during and following the impact. The results of this experiment show that aortic pressure experiences significant changes in magnitude during simulated impact. This work could help contribute towards a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to blunt traumatic aortic rupture and the development of preventative measures.