Interaction Theory of Hazard-Target System

TL;DR

This paper introduces the Interaction Theory of Hazard-Target System (ITHTS), a comprehensive model integrating human, organizational, and technological factors to better understand and analyze major accidents.

Contribution

It proposes a new systemic accident theory based on ITHTS and STPA, addressing limitations of existing models and providing a practical analysis method.

Findings

ITHTS explains safety phenomena effectively.

The new analysis method is applicable to real-world accidents.

Case study demonstrates the model's viability.

Abstract

Major accidents (e.g., the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in the USA, the Bhopal Disaster in India, Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan, Tianjin Port fire and explosion accident in China) have occurred all over the world. Safety scientists are always trying to understand why these accidents happened and how to prevent these accidents. Accident models and theories form the basis for many safety research fields and practices such as investigation of accidents, design of a safer system and decision making on safety related field. There is no universally accepted model with useful elements relating to understanding accident causation, although many accident causation models exist. Based on STAMP and RMF, we proposed a new theory named the Interaction Theory of Hazard-Target System (ITHTS) that incorporate human, organisational and technological characteristics in the same framework. Accident analysis methods provide the necessary information to analysis the accident in a specific setting. In order to solve the issues that current accident analysis methods still face, we proposed a new systemic accident analysis method based on ITHTS and STPA. We choose Tianjin Port fire and explosion accident in China as a case study to demonstrate the viability of the Interaction Theory of Hazard-target System and the applicability of the new accident analysis method. It is concluded that ITHTS can explain the phenomena in safety practice and the new accident analysis method can be application in the explanation and analysis of major accident.