Dark Matter as dark dwarfs and other macroscopic objects: multiverse relics?

TL;DR

This paper proposes a model where first-order phase transitions in a dark gauge theory produce relic pockets of false vacuum, leading to macroscopic dark matter objects like dark dwarfs or black holes, which could be relics from the multiverse.

Contribution

It introduces a predictive dark gauge theory model where dark quarks form Fermi balls and collapse into stable dark dwarfs or black holes during phase transitions.

Findings

Dark quark relics can form Fermi balls during phase transitions.

Fermi balls can gravitationally collapse into dark dwarfs or black holes.

The model predicts observable consequences for dark matter composition.

Abstract

First-order phase transitions can leave relic pockets of false vacua and their particles, that manifest as macroscopic Dark Matter. We compute one predictive model: a gauge theory with a dark quark relic heavier than the confinement scale. During the first-order phase transition to confinement, dark quarks remain in the false vacuum and get compressed, forming Fermi balls that can undergo gravitational collapse to stable dark dwarfs (bound states analogous to white dwarfs) near the Chandrasekhar limit, or to primordial black holes.