Role of Multiple Scattering in Single Particle Perturbations in Absorbing Random Media

TL;DR

This paper investigates how multiple scattering enhances the sensitivity of disordered scattering sensors to single particles, especially in absorbing media, and provides both numerical and analytical insights into the enhancement mechanisms.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of multiple scattering paths and their impact on field perturbations in absorbing random media, with new models and simulations for sensor optimization.

Findings

Multiple scattering paths significantly enhance field perturbations.

Absorption increases the dependence of enhancements on scatterer properties.

Amplitude enhancements of around 10^2 are achievable with sensor optimization.

Abstract

Speckle patterns produced by disordered scattering systems exhibit a sensitivity to addition of individual particles which can be used for sensing applications. Using a coupled dipole model we investigate how multiple scattering can enhance field perturbations arising in such random scattering based sensors. Three distinct families of multiple scattering paths are shown to contribute and the corresponding complex enhancement factors derived. Probability distributions of individual enhancement factors over the complex plane are characterised numerically within the context of surface plasmon polariton scattering in which absorption is shown to play an important role. We show that enhancements become more strongly dependent on individual scatterer properties when absorption losses are larger, however, amplitude enhancements $\sim 10^2$, comparable to low loss surface plasmons, are achievable through sensor optimisation. Approximate analytic expressions for the complex mean enhancements are also found, which agree well with simulations when loop contributions are negligible.