On the Ethical Limits of Natural Language Processing on Legal Text

TL;DR

This paper discusses the ethical boundaries of using NLP in legal analysis, emphasizing normative parameters like academic freedom, normative diversity, and moralism, and offers recommendations for responsible research.

Contribution

It introduces a systematic framework for considering ethical limits in legal NLP, highlighting overlooked normative factors and providing practical guidelines.

Findings

Identifies key normative parameters affecting legal NLP ethics

Highlights risks of moralism in computational law research

Provides specific recommendations for ethical NLP practice

Abstract

Natural language processing (NLP) methods for analyzing legal text offer legal scholars and practitioners a range of tools allowing to empirically analyze law on a large scale. However, researchers seem to struggle when it comes to identifying ethical limits to using NLP systems for acquiring genuine insights both about the law and the systems' predictive capacity. In this paper we set out a number of ways in which to think systematically about such issues. We place emphasis on three crucial normative parameters which have, to the best of our knowledge, been underestimated by current debates: (a) the importance of academic freedom, (b) the existence of a wide diversity of legal and ethical norms domestically but even more so internationally and (c) the threat of moralism in research related to computational law. For each of these three parameters we provide specific recommendations for the legal NLP community. Our discussion is structured around the study of a real-life scenario that has prompted recent debate in the legal NLP research community.