Testing GR with the Gravitational Wave Inspiral Signal GW170817

TL;DR

This paper tests general relativity using gravitational wave data from GW170817 by analyzing post-Newtonian deviations with uncorrelated parameters, finding results consistent with GR and providing a novel approach to constrain alternative theories.

Contribution

It introduces a method using uncorrelated non-GR parameters derived from covariance analysis to improve constraints on deviations from general relativity.

Findings

Results are consistent with GR within uncertainties.

The non-GR phase deviation is quantified as (0.447±25.3)×10^{-1}.

Deviation percentile from GR is approximately 25.85%.

Abstract

Observations of gravitational waves from compact binary mergers have enabled unique tests of general relativity in the dynamical and non-linear regimes. One of the most important such tests are constraints on the post-Newtonian (PN) corrections to the phase of the gravitational wave signal. The values of these PN coefficients can be calculated within standard general relativity, and these values are different in many alternate theories of gravity. It is clearly of great interest to constrain these deviations based on gravitational wave observations. In the majority of such tests which have been carried out, and which yield by far the most stringent constraints, it is common to vary these PN coefficients individually. While this might in principle be useful for detecting certain deviations from standard general relativity, it is a serious limitation. For example, we would expect alternate theories of gravity to generically have additional parameters. The corrections to the PN coefficients would be expected to depend on these additional non-GR parameters whence, we expect that the various PN coefficients to be highly correlated. We present an alternate analysis here using data from the binary neutron star coalescence GW170817. Our analysis uses an appropriate linear combination of non-GR parameters that represent absolute deviations from the corresponding post-Newtonian inspiral coefficients in the TaylorF2 approximant phase. These combinations represent uncorrelated non-GR parameters which correspond to principal directions of their covariance matrix in the parameter subspace. Our results illustrate good agreement with GR. In particular, the integral non-GR phase is $\Psi_{\mbox{non-GR}} = (0.447\pm253)\times10^{-1}$ and the deviation from GR percentile is $p^{\mbox{Dev-GR}}_{n}=25.85\%$.