Physics and Chemistry on the Surface of Cosmic Dust Grains: A Laboratory View

TL;DR

This paper reviews laboratory experiments on the physical and chemical processes occurring on cosmic dust grain surfaces, highlighting their importance in various astrophysical environments and discussing future research directions.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of experimental studies on dust grain surface processes and suggests new experimental approaches for astrophysical applications.

Findings

Experimental data on adsorption, desorption, and reactions on dust analogues.

Insights into dust surface chemistry in different cosmic environments.

Guidance for future laboratory and observational studies.

Abstract

Dust grains play a central role in the physics and chemistry of cosmic environments. They influence the optical and thermal properties of the medium due to their interaction with stellar radiation; provide surfaces for the chemical reactions that are responsible for the synthesis of a significant fraction of key astronomical molecules; and they are building blocks of pebbles, comets, asteroids, planetesimals, and planets. In this paper, we review experimental studies of physical and chemical processes, such as adsorption, desorption, diffusion, and reactions forming molecules, on the surface of reliable cosmic dust grain analogues as related to processes in diffuse, translucent, and dense interstellar clouds, protostellar envelopes, planet-forming disks, and planetary atmospheres. The information that such experiments reveal should be flexible enough to be used in many different environments. In addition, we provide a forward look discussing new ideas, experimental approaches, and research directions.