On 1:3 resonance under reversible perturbations of conservative cubic H\'enon maps

TL;DR

This paper investigates how reversible perturbations affect the 1:3 resonance in cubic Hénon maps, revealing complex bifurcations and symmetry-breaking phenomena that lead to diverse dynamical behaviors.

Contribution

It extends the analysis of 1:3 resonance bifurcations in cubic Hénon maps to include reversible perturbations and generalizes results to p:q resonances with odd q.

Findings

Reversible perturbations create four 3-periodic orbits with different stability types.

Symmetry-breaking bifurcations can induce mixed dynamics through global bifurcations.

Degeneracy persists for p:q resonances with odd q in the studied maps.

Abstract

We consider reversible non-conservative perturbations of the conservative cubic H\'enon maps $H_3^{\pm}: \bar x = y, \bar y = -x + M_1 + M_2 y \pm y^3$ and study their influence on the 1:3 resonance, i.e. bifurcations of fixed points with eigenvalues $e^{\pm i 2\pi/3}$. It follows from the work by Dullin and Meiss, this resonance is degenerate for $M_1=0, M_2=-1$ when the corresponding fixed point is elliptic. We show that bifurcations of this point under reversible perturbations give rise to four 3-periodic orbits, two of them are symmetric and conservative (saddles in the case of map $H_3^+$ and elliptic orbits in the case of map $H_3^-$), the other two orbits are nonsymmetric and they compose symmetric couples of dissipative orbits (attracting and repelling orbits in the case of map $H_3^+$ and saddles with the Jacobians less than 1 and greater than 1 in the case of map $H_3^-$). We show that these local symmetry-breaking bifurcations can lead to mixed dynamics due to accompanying global reversible bifurcations of symmetric non-transversal homo- and heteroclinic cycles. We also generalize the results of Dullin and Meiss to the case of the $p:q$ resonances with odd $q$ and show that all of them are also degenerate for the maps $H_3^{\pm}$ with $M_1=0$.