Extended Chern-Simons model for a vector multiplet

TL;DR

This paper explores an extended Chern-Simons gauge theory in 3D, analyzing its conserved tensors, stability conditions, and the possibility of stable non-Lagrangian interactions, including a Higgs mechanism for stabilization.

Contribution

It introduces a new class of higher-derivative vector gauge models with conserved tensors, examines their stability, and develops a Hamiltonian formulation for non-Lagrangian stable interactions.

Findings

The model admits a series of conserved tensors, including bounded energy components.

Lagrangian couplings do not stabilize the energy, leading to instability.

Non-Lagrangian couplings can produce stable, bounded-from-below energy configurations.

Abstract

We consider a gauge theory of vector fields in $3d$ Minkowski space. At the free level, the dynamical variables are subjected to the extended Chern-Simons (ECS) equations with higher derivatives. If the color index takes $n$ values, the third-order model admits a $2n$-parameter series of second-rank conserved tensors, which includes the canonical energy-momentum. Even though the canonical energy is unbounded, the other representatives in the series can have bounded from below $00$-component. The theory admits consistent self-interactions with the Yang-Mills gauge symmetry. The Lagrangian couplings preserve the unbounded from below energy-momentum tensor, and they do not lead to a stable non-linear theory. The non-Lagrangian couplings are consistent with the existence of conserved tensor with a bounded from below $00$-component. These models are stable at the non-linear level. The dynamics of interacting theory admits a constraint Hamiltonian form. The Hamiltonian density is given by the $00$-component of the conserved tensor. In the case of stable interactions, the Poisson bracket and Hamiltonian do not follow from the canonical Ostrogradski construction. The particular attention is paid to the "triply massless" ECS theory, which demonstrates instability already at the free level. It is shown that the introduction of extra scalar field, serving as Higgs, can stabilize dynamics in the vicinity of the local minimum of energy. The equations of motion of stable model are non-Lagrangian, but they admit the Hamiltonian form of dynamics with a bounded from below Hamiltonian.