An Effective Model for Glueballs and Dual Superconductivity at Finite Temperature

TL;DR

This paper models glueballs and dual superconductivity in QCD at finite temperature, exploring confinement mechanisms, monopole condensation, and the behavior of the QCD vacuum during hadronization.

Contribution

It introduces a new effective model coupling a dielectric function with Abelian gauge fields to study glueball interactions and dual superconductivity at finite temperature.

Findings

Confining potential and string tension are characterized at finite T.

Monopole densities and effective masses are analyzed with temperature dependence.

The dual superconducting nature of the QCD vacuum is confirmed through monopole condensation.

Abstract

The glueballs lead to gluon and QCD monopole condensations as by-products of color confinement. A color dielectric function $G(|\phi|)$ coupled with Abelian gauge field is properly defined to mediate the glueball interactions at confining regime after {\it spontaneous symmetry breaking} (SSB) of the gauge symmetry. The particles are expected to form through quark gluon plasma (QGP) hadronization phase where the free quarks and gluons start clamping together to form hadrons. The QCD-like vacuum $\langle\eta^2m_\eta^2F^{\mu\nu}F_{\mu\nu}\rangle$, confining potential $V_c(r)$, string tension $\sigma$, penetration depth $\lambda$, superconducting and normal monopole densities ($n_s\,n_n$) and the effective masses ($m_\eta^{2}$ and $m_A^{2}$) will be investigated at finite temperature $T$. We also calculate the strong `running' coupling $\alpha_s$ and subsequently the QCD $\beta$-function. {\it Dual superconducting} nature of the QCD vacuum will be investigated based on monopole condensation.