Synthesizing Abstract Transformers

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method and tool for automatically synthesizing precise abstract transformers for static analyzers, reducing manual effort and uncovering unsound existing transformers.

Contribution

We present a program-synthesis approach to automatically generate abstract transformers, ensuring maximal precision and correctness, demonstrated through a practical tool called AMURTH.

Findings

AMURTH successfully synthesizes abstract transformers with comparable performance to manual ones.

The method identified four unsound transformers in existing analyzers.

Automated synthesis enhances the reliability of static analysis tools.

Abstract

This paper addresses the problem of creating abstract transformers automatically. The method we present automates the construction of static analyzers in a fashion similar to the way $\textit{yacc}$ automates the construction of parsers. Our method treats the problem as a program-synthesis problem. The user provides specifications of (i) the concrete semantics of a given operation $\textit{op}$, (ii) the abstract domain A to be used by the analyzer, and (iii) the semantics of a domain-specific language $L$ in which the abstract transformer is to be expressed. As output, our method creates an abstract transformer for $\textit{op}$ in abstract domain A, expressed in $L$ (an "$L$-transformer for $\textit{op}$ over A"). Moreover, the abstract transformer obtained is a most-precise $L$-transformer for $\textit{op}$ over A; that is, there is no other $L$-transformer for $\textit{op}$ over A that is strictly more precise. We implemented our method in a tool called AMURTH. We used AMURTH to create sets of replacement abstract transformers for those used in two existing analyzers, and obtained essentially identical performance. However, when we compared the existing transformers with the transformers obtained using AMURTH, we discovered that four of the existing transformers were unsound, which demonstrates the risk of using manually created transformers.